SECOND REPORT ON THE SITUATION OF HUMAN  RIGHTS
 IN PERU

TABLE OF CONTENTS

     INTRODUCTION

          A.    BACKGROUND 
          B.    FRAME OF REFERENCE
          C.    THE ON-SITE VISIT
          D.    ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
          E.    APPROVAL OF THIS REPORT

SECTION I - DEMOCRACY AND RULE OF LAW

    CHAPTER I.  STRUCTURE OF THE PERUVIAN STATE

          A.     THE 1993 CONSTITUTION 

1. The Legislative Branch 
2. The Executive Branch 
3. The Judicial Branch 
4. National Council of the Judiciary (Consejo Nacional de la Magistratura) 
5. The Public Ministry 
6. Constitutional Court 
7. The Security and National Defense System 
8. The Electoral System  

          B.    THE PERUVIAN CONSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM AND HUMAN RIGHTS  

         1.    Peru's Constitutional Framework 
         2.    Peru's International Obligations 
         3.    The Office of the Human Rights Ombudsman

    CHAPTER II.  ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE AND RULE OF LAW  

          A.    INTRODUCTION 
          B.    THE CIVILIAN JURISDICTION:  JUDICIAL REFORM  

1. The "Provisional" judges 
2. Public Ministry 
3. The "Provisional" prosecutors 
4. The Judicial Coordination Council (Consejode Coordinación Judicial) 
5. The National Council of the Judiciary 
6. The Constitutional Court  

          C.    THE CIVILIAN JURISDICTION:  THE ANTI-TERRORIST LEGISLATION  

         1.    Context of the anti-terrorist legislation  

a. Rights that cannot be suspended 
b. Guarantees that cannot be suspended 
c. Decree Law No. 25,475 on the crime of terrorism 
d. Modification of the anti-terrorist legislation 

         2.   The Ad Hoc Commission and the Innocent Persons 
         3    The Requisitoriados 
         4.    Failure to make full reparation and victims of the violence 
         5.    Acts of persecution against judges and lawyers  

          D.    THE MILITARY JURISDICTION:  EXPANSION  

         1.    Decree-Law No. 25,659 on the Crime of Treason (Traición a la Patria)

a. Violation of the right to personal liberty [Article 7(5)] 
b. Violation of the principle of legality [Article 9] 
c. Violation of judicial guarantees and due process [Article 8] 

(i) Violation of the right to a regular judge with jurisdiction [Article 8(1)] 

(ii) Violation of the opportunity and adequate means to prepare a defense [Articles 8(2)(b) and 8(2)(c)]

(iii) Violation of the right to choose one's defense counsel [Article 8(2)(d)] 

(iv) Violation of the right to question witnesses [Article 8(2)(f)] 

(v) Violation of the right to appeal the judgment before a higher judge or court [Article 8(2)(h)] 

(vi) Violation of the right to a public trial [Article 8(5)] 

(vii) Violation of the right to judicial protection [Articles 25 and 7(6)] 

(viii) Violation of the right to humane treatment [Article 5]

(ix) Violation of Articles 1(1) and 2 of the Convention  

         2.    Legislation on national security

           E.     THE MILITARY JURISDICTION: IMPUNITY  

         1.    Military courts and impunity 
         2.    Amnesty laws and impunity  

F.     FAILURE TO ENFORCE JUDICIAL JUDGMENTS 

G.    CONCLUSIONS 

H.    RECOMMENDATIONS

    CHAPTER III.  INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATIONS: PERU AND  THE INTER-AMERICAN HUMAN RIGHTS SYSTEM  

            A.    INTRODUCTION

          B.    FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH THE RULINGS OF THE INTER-AMERICAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS  

         1.    Cases submitted by the Commission to the Court regarding Peru

a. Case of Castillo Páez 
b. Case of Loayza Tamayo 
c. Case of Castillo Petruzzi et al.

         2.    National "review" of judgments of the Inter-American Court 
         3.    The response of the Inter-American Commission 
         4.    The Court's decision in these cases  

C.    THE CLAIMED "WITHDRAWAL" FROM THE COURT'S CONTENTIOUS JURISDICTION  

         1.    The Commission's press release 
         2.    Case of Ivcher Bronstein 
         3.    Case of the Constitutional Court 
         4.    The Commission's position with respect to the claimed "withdrawal" 
         5.    The judgments on the Court's jurisdiction

          D.            FRIENDLY SETTLEMENTS 
          E.            CONCLUSIONS 
          F.            RECOMMENDATIONS

    CHAPTER IV.  POLITICAL RIGHTS 

            A.    INTRODUCTION 
          B.    CONSTITUTIONAL REVIEW v. RE-ELECTION

C.    STATE INTERFERENCE IN THE EFFECTIVE EXERCISE OF THE RIGHT TO CITIZEN POLITICAL PARTICIPATION

D.    ACTIONS TO HARASS OPPOSITION PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES AND OTHER POLITICAL FIGURES

          E.    THE USE OF WIRETAPS

          F.    INTIMIDATION

          G.    SITUATION PRIOR TO THE 2000 ELECTIONS

          H.    THE 2000 ELECTIONS

          I.     CONCLUSIONS  

    CHAPTER V.  FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION IN PERU 

          A.    INTRODUCTION 
          B.    FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION AND RULE OF LAW

C.    THE PROTECTION AFFORDED FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION IN PERU'S DOMESTIC LEGISLATION

D.    DISSEMINATION OF EXPRESSIONS OF POLITICAL DISSENT IN PERU  

1.   State tolerance and the effective exercise of the right to inform 
         2.    Systematic harassment 
         3.    The role of the Judiciary as guarantor of the freedom of expression

                  a.    The use of the judiciary to harass journalists 
                  b.    Breach of the duty to investigate abuses and crimes against journalists  

E.    CHRONOLOGY OF COMPLAINTS REGARDING THE FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

          F.    CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

SECTION II.  ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS,
AND PRISON SITUATION

     CHAPTER VI.  ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS  

          A.    INTRODUCTION 
          B.    LEGAL FRAMEWORK 
          C.    OBSERVANCE OF ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS IN PERU  

         1.    Progress 
         2.    Problematic aspects

           D.    RECOMMENDATIONS 

    CHAPTER VII.  WOMEN'S RIGHTS 

          A.    INTRODUCTION 
          B.    LEGAL REGIME 

        1.    International legal framework 
          2.    Domestic legal framework

          C.    PROGRESSIVE MEASURES 
          D.    DISCRIMINATION 
          E.    VIOLENCE

         1.    Domestic and sexual violence 
         2.    Reproductive health

           F.    RECOMMENDATIONS

    CHAPTER VIII.  THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD 

          A.    INTRODUCTION 
          B.    LEGAL FRAMEWORK  

         1.    International legal framework 
         2.    Domestic legal framework

          C.    THE SITUATION OF CHILDREN

 D.  CHILD LABOR, CHILD PROSTITUTION AND RECRUITMENT OF ADOLESCENTS

          E.    JUVENILE DELINQUENTS

          F.    RIGHT TO LIFE

          G.    RECOMMENDATIONS

    CHAPTER IX.  PRISON CONDITIONS